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Mehdi Hashemi
Mehdi Hashemi (1944 – 28 September 1987) was an Iranian Shi'a cleric who was defrocked by the Special Clerical Court. After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, he became a senior official in the Islamic Revolutionary Guards; he was executed by the Islamic Republic in its first decade. Officially he was guilty of sedition, murder, and related charges, but others suspect his true crime was opposition to the regime's secret dealings with the United States (see Iran–Contra affair).
==Background==
Hashemi first became known to the Iranian public during the closing days of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1977, when SAVAK arrested him for the vigilante murder of "prostitutes, homosexuals, and drug traffickers". He was also accused of murdering a conservative cleric who had publicly insulted cleric Hussein-Ali Montazeri, the Grand Ayatollah - Hashemi was also the brother of Hadi Hashemi, Ayatollah Montazeri's son-in-law. During this time he was supported by opponents of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as an innocent victim framed by SAVAK, in an attempt "to tarnish the reputation of the clerical establishment." 〔Abrahamian, Ervand, ''Tortured Confessions'', (University of California Press, 1999), p. 162〕
Upon his release from prison by the successor security agency SAVAMA, following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, Hashemi was celebrated〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iran Report )〕 as a "religious hero."〔Abrahamian, ''Tortured Confessions'', (1999), p. 162〕 He remained associated with Ayatollah Montazeri, and after the Ayatollah's son died in the bombing of the Islamic Republican Party headquarters in 1981, Mehdi Hashemi took control of Montazeri's armed followers.〔(Iran Report ), 9 August 1999, Volume 2, Number 32, Global Security〕 He followed Montazeri's interpretations of the Islamic revolution and its implementation during increasingly fractious and competing understandings within the ruling elite, which sought to circumscribe Montazeri's influence in Lebanon, and tighten the Iranian government's grip on its Lebanese Shi'a clients.〔Itamar Rabinovich, Haim Shaked, ''(Middle East Contemporary Survey 1986 )'', Volume 10; Volume 1986, p. 146〕 This led to factional conflicts, as different Iranian factions promoted Hezbollah or Amal,〔 another Shi'a group associated with the Lebanese government.
According to several sources, he came to head the liberation movements unit in the Islamic Revolutionary Guards, dealing with other minority Shi'a communities, including Lebanon's Hezbollah, then fighting the Israeli invasion, and Afghan mujahideen units,〔 then fighting the Soviet war in Afghanistan. Some sources say Hashemi ran an organization out of Montazeri's office which sought to export the Islamic revolution to other Shi'a areas; other sources say he was in charge of the "Bureau of Assistance to the Islamic Movements in the World", which was tasked with spreading the Islamic Revolution throughout the Middle East.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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